It’s a simple and popular science class experiment: a volcano made with baking soda and vinegar erupts, spewing foam onto the table. In Germany’s Eifel region, viewing the power of volcanic forces ...

The magma that erupts from basaltic volcanoes in the middle of tectonic plates originates from within Earth's mantle — rather than from the outer crust — and is propelled upward by CO2, not water.

The Palisades cliffs west of New York City rear up from the Hudson River like the spine of some ancient beast—and that impression is not far off. Their basalt backbone is a remnant of an immense lava ...