Bessel functions, central to many problems in mathematical physics, provide solutions to differential equations that describe wave propagation, heat conduction and vibrations in cylindrical or ...

The Bessel beam, with a significant depth of field and self-healing characteristics, has been applied in widespread applications, including quantum entanglement, underwater 3D imaging, optical ...

Optical fiber, as the basic carrier of modern high-speed and high-capacity communication, is the key to the interconnection of the world. With the rapid development of the communications industry in ...