The choice of 810 nm is also supported by photobiology: this wavelength aligns well with the absorption spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase (the mitochondrial “light receptor”) and has been widely used ...

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds and protects the CNS. It bathes the brain and spine in ...

A CSF leak occurs when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) escapes from the protective layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This is a serious condition that can cause headaches, seizures, or meningitis.

Scientists at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have uncovered a non-invasive method to boost the brain’s natural waste drainage system—a discovery that they suggest could open new avenues for ...

Diagnostic testing of CSF for surrogate disease markers (i.e., 14-3-3 and total tau) assumes that the patient had a history of acute dementia but did not have several conditions that might compromise ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a type of clear liquid that surrounds, protects, and cushions your brain and spinal cord from possible injuries. The fluid is held in place by the dura mater, a dense ...

Cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, is a clear, colorless liquid that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of your central nervous system. It cushions the brain and spinal cord, ...