A comprehensive systematic review of literature from 2018 to 2025 reveals that while deep learning achieves high benchmark accuracy for weed classification, significant technological and environmental ...

Underwater images are affected by spectral attenuation, particulate scattering, and nonuniform illumination and therefore often exhibit color shifts, reduced contrast, blurred edges, and local ...

Deep learning has revolutionised object detection by automating the localisation and classification of items within images. Contemporary systems employ convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones to ...

A comparison of the number of research papers in two types of COD, traditional and deep learning, within Image-level and Video-level applications. The bar chart shows the increase in overall research ...

This White Paper explains how to get more from deep learning. It covers how to optimise the training process, why data quality matters, which training strategies to consider, and how deep learning can ...