An AI neural network that uses light instead of electricity. Optical neural networks (ONNs) offer the potential for higher speed because regular chips can only trigger a limited number of transistors ...

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies, especially the machine learning algorithms, have made great strides. These technologies have enabled unprecedented efficiency in tasks such as ...

Neural networks are one typical structure on which artificial intelligence can be based. The term neural describes their learning ability, which to some extent mimics the functioning of neurons in our ...

Research on ONNs began as early as the 1960s. To clearly illustrate the development history of ONNs, this review presents the evolution of related research work chronologically at the beginning of the ...

There were some discrepancies between how the AI saw the illusion, though. While humans can 'freeze' any specific circle by ...

Optical neural networks may provide the high-speed and large-capacity solution necessary to tackle challenging computing tasks. However, tapping their full potential will require further advances. One ...

A team of researchers at Penn State have devised a new, streamlined approach to designing metasurfaces, a class of engineered ...

Our eyes can frequently play tricks on us, but scientists have discovered that some artificial intelligence can fall for the ...

Layered metasurfaces trained as optical neural networks enable multifunctional holograms and security features, integrating neural computation principles with nanostructured optics to create a ...

The idea of optical computing—the use of photons instead of electrons to perform computational operations—has been around for decades. However, interest has resurged in recent years; the potential for ...