A pH meter measures a pH or the acidity/alkalinity of substances. Most pH meters rely on a glass electrode that measures the number of hydrogen ions in the solution. Usually, pH meters need to be ...

Chloride and protons perform important closely related roles in many cellular responses. Here we developed a ratiometric biosensor, ClopHensor, based on a highly chloride-sensitive Aequorea victoria ...

Throughout human history, discerning sour from bitter tastes in both liquid and solid foods has been essential. For instance, vinegar and lemon juice are widely identified as sour, whereas soapy water ...

The authors consider several common techniques for verifying the accuracy of liquid-handling equipment and offer guidance for finding the appropriate technique for a given instrument. High-quality, ...

The aim of the calibration procedure is to establish the accuracy of the equipment being used. This helps to control for errors and uncertainties, ensuring that the data collected is reliable and ...