The interactions of the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons are so strong that the structure of protons and neutrons is difficult to calculate from theory and must be instead measured ...

Scientists have now mapped the forces acting inside a proton, showing in unprecedented detail how quarks -- the tiny particles within -- respond when hit by high-energy photons. The international team ...

Inside the most powerful particle colliders on Earth, protons slam together at nearly the speed of light, shredding matter ...

A schematic diagram of proton and neutron distributions for mirror nuclei argon-31 and aluminum-31. Left side is the weakly bound proton-rich nucleus argon-31, which is predicted to exhibit a ...