Nearly 25 years ago, Heaney and Hooper advanced a framework that challenged the linear model of global integration. They argued that integration occurs in layers, shaped by geography, institutional ...

African countries are pursuing stronger regional integration to reap the benefits of larger markets and take advantage of economies of scale; and to tackle regional and global challenges such as ...

At the 2025 West Africa Economic Summit (WAES), experts and policymakers made one message clear: the future of intra-regional trade depends on collective action. From accelerating digital identity ...

Senior Adviser, European Policy Centre, Adjunct Professor, Hertie School of Governance, Berlin This essay examines the state of the European Union post-eurozone crisis, and assesses the European Union ...

In the sprawling landscape of Nigeria, a complex web of ethnic and regional organizations has evolved like a mutating organism, adapting to the country’s shifting political terrain. From the Yoruba’s ...