I was reminded recently that we seem to be trapped in a Catch-22 Universe. What makes it a Catch-22 is that no one is qualified to penetrate the mystery of the cosmos without skill in advanced ...

“To swim against the current of human intuition is a difficult task. ... the human mind is built to identify for each event a definite cause and can, therefore, have a hard time accepting the ...

CC0 Usage Conditions ApplyClick for more information. From coin flips to river levels to the placement of freckles, many events appear random at first glance—but dig a little deeper, and limits to the ...

Katie has a PhD in maths, specializing in the intersection of dynamical systems and number theory. She reports on topics from maths and history to society and animals. Katie has a PhD in maths, ...

Coin tosses aren't truly random. Lava lamps help secure the internet. And quantum physics might break encryption—or save it. This is what randomness really means, and why your digital life depends on ...